Tremendous advancements in science, public health, and material standards of living in recent decades mean that people are living longer than ever before. In 1950, when the world’s population was 2.5 billion, life expectancy at birth was 46.5 years. Fast forward to 2022, and those figures rose to 8 billion people with an average life expectancy of 71.2 years. By 2050, global life expectancy is projected to rise even further, reaching 77.3 years.
However, this longevity presents a challenge: how do we keep older populations healthy as they age? By 2050, the number of people aged 65 and above is expected to reach a staggering 1.6 billion, up from 761 million in 2021. Among the gravest threats to this growing population is Alzheimer’s disease. As more and more people live longer lives, the total number of individuals with Alzheimer’s worldwide is projected to increase by over 150 percent in the next 30 years.
The Economic Burden
Alzheimer’s disease imposes a significant burden on individuals, families, public health systems, and nations. Quantifying its economic cost is challenging, as it involves both easily quantifiable effects (such as treatment costs and loss of productivity) and less measurable impacts (such as effects on caregivers’ mental health and livelihoods). To assess the soundness of investments in research, testing, and treatments, we undertook a comprehensive analysis based on willingness-to-pay data. Our estimate suggests that the global economic burden of Alzheimer’s disease in 2019 was approximately $2 trillion. By 2050, this burden is projected to rise sharply to about $10 trillion, and perhaps as high as $13.5 trillion.
The Human Toll
Alzheimer’s disease causes immense suffering among patients and their caregivers. Hallucinations, confusion, depression, and the gradual loss of independence take a toll on both physical and mental well-being. Beyond the direct costs, there are indirect effects on caregivers, who often bear the emotional and financial burden. The disease’s impact extends to public health systems and national economies, making it a pressing global challenge.
Urgent Action Needed
As the economic burden grows, urgent action is required. Healthcare systems must revamp their approach to deliver new tests and treatments to all those who need them. The current state of play in many countries may make accessing these treatments practically impossible in the short term. However, collaborative efforts, research advancements, and public-health outreach can pave the way for a brighter future in the fight against Alzheimer’s disease.
